Which Materials Are Used to Make Aerospace Fasteners?
Aerospace fasteners are essential components of countless aircraft, serving the basic role of holding parts together in various assemblies. Ranging from simple nuts and bolts to advanced blind rivets and locking washers, such hardware must be able to withstand harsh environmental conditions, extreme temperatures, and high levels of stress to be suitable for aircraft design. Additionally, durability must be balanced with the objective of keeping everything as light as possible, making it important to utilize specific materials that provide all necessary attributes for a particular assembly. This blog will offer an overview of the most common materials used for aerospace fasteners, highlighting their properties, advantages, and common uses for your benefit.
Steel
Steel is one of the most commonly used materials in the aerospace industry, a result of its desirable balance of strength and durability. Steel is known to be highly resistant to wear and tear, offering strong mechanical properties that ensure the longevity of a fastener. It can also be treated with different coatings to improve its resistance to corrosion, which is essential in aerospace applications where exposure to moisture and varying temperatures is common. Another key advantage of steel in aerospace fasteners is its ability to maintain strength at high temperatures, which is particularly important for assembling and securing aircraft engines. Lastly, such materials are relatively cost-effective as compared to some of the other materials we will mention. Beyond such examples of use, steel fasteners of varying types will also be present in landing gear assemblies, wing structures, and more.
Aluminum
When weight reduction is a priority but rigidity must be maintained in the face of common flight stresses, aluminum proves to be a suitable fastener material. Although not as strong as steel, aluminum offers excellent resistance to corrosion, making it suitable for use in various assemblies that are exposed to the elements. With such properties, aluminum fasteners are ideal for securing fuselage, wing, and interior assemblies.
Titanium
When compared to steel, titanium fasteners are a lighter option that are still able to provide a similar level of strength, allowing them to maintain highly reliable joints in engines, landing gear, and structural components. Alongside having one of the most optimal strength-to-weight ratios, titanium also benefits various applications with its high resistance to corrosion and heat.
Superalloys
Superalloys are a more unique class of materials that are designed to withstand more extreme operating conditions, common examples being stainless steel and Inconel. Superalloys are recognized for their excellent mechanical strength at elevated temperatures, as well as ample resistance against oxidation and corrosion. They also offer long-term durability, which reduces the need for frequent maintenance and replacements. As a result of their various properties, such fasteners are often used in jet engines, turbine assemblies, and other similar structures.
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